Care of Confused Client | Case Study

Care of Conf utilise Client Case StudyCARE OF A addled CLIENTCLIENT PROFILEHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus spread through with(predicate) body fluids and effects cells of the immune system called CD4 cells or T cells. HIV destroys these cells reducing the bodys competency to fight infection. When this happens the HIV virus is then k forthwiths as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aid). When a client has AIDS they can get to symptoms such as forgetfulness, confusion and difficulty paying attention. This occurs when the HIV virus has infected the brain causing a condition kn manage as AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC). When a client presents with ADC as a health premeditation provider the key aspects of writing up these clients care plans would bowl over a sound emphasis on safety. (Centres for dis remainder control and prevention 2014) butt non his real name for privacy reasons is a client who recently presented to the facility where i work with AIDS and has bee n showing signs of ADC which has made his home life very hard to manage and increasingly unsafe. The ADC has left joke with episodes of confusion. As a freshly client i must first sick together legerdemains care plans as they are vitally important in determining rear ends care. These care plans likewise facilitate the multidisciplinary team tell buttockss mental and physical packs are met.As a confused client, trick may neediness the capacity to accomplish the basic activities of daily living (ADL). Therefore as a healthcare provider i would in addition have to act as an advocate to ensure his involve were met. This can be ensured on a day to day basis by gaining the respect of John and by including him and by gaining his consent on any decisions concerning his care. This may include implementing all relevant care plans. Johns personal hygiene is important in promoting his positive self-image. This can be achieved by the following steps invariably ensure his hands are washed after skunkingHis face is washed dailyHe has regular baths or showersHis teeth are brushed twice dailyJohn may not want to allow me to carry out some of these duties but to ease the situation i may take a few steps to help in Johns care.Use pleasant smelling shampoo, bubble bath or soapPlay music that John likesAl miens explain as you carry out tasksBe sensitive to Johns moodAlways check toilet to ensure it is in working order and the bathroom is not too coldEnquire how John prefers to have these tasks completed (ie bath or shower)Always let john help as much as he canNutrition care is also very important because the healthier John is physically the less confused he may become. This can be achieved by ensuring John eats regular meals. Sometimes because John is confused he impart refuse to eat so it is important the nutritionist is informed in order to provide supplements which can substitute for solid forages. This is vitally important as to force feed clients is unethic al so therefore it would be to a greater extent beneficial to encourage supplement drinks.A urinary output and intestine movement chart is also an essential part of Johns care plan as it helps the multidisciplinary team regulate Johns bodily functions to prevent him from acquire constipation or dehydration which would leave John who is confused to a greater extent confused. Sometimes John may not have the ability to control his own intake of solids or liquids (ie too much or too little) so it is important for a fluid and solids chart to help balance his bodily needs. move risk assessments should also be completed and put in practice to ensure Johns safety when he is carrying out his basic activities of daily living.Always assist John when he is attending bathroom or having to move from one scope to anotherEnsure bathroom is clear of clutter when taking John to bathroom for washing or toiletingRemove all clutter from Johns bedside (ie ensure all cables are tidied away and walking frame if needed is within his annoy )Ensure John has suitable footwear (ie well fitting with rubber soles to prevent slips)Ensure all bathroom fittings are stable and in good working orderProper handrails are in place to assist Johns needsWalking to and from bathroom is clutter freeOther concerns i mogul have for John is the risk of him developing a pressure sore. Confused/Immobile clients like John are more susceptible to pressure sores through poor nutrition intake and decreased mobility. Measures put in place by the multidisciplinary team to prevent these sores are pressure relieving cushions, mattresses and regular monitoring, and turning of John as to aid his circulation. The Waterlow scale also plays important role in determining who is at risk of developing a pressure sore.All these measures put in place will enhance the physical well-being of John however as healthcare support workers we must provide holistic care for John involving his social and mental well-being. One a spect of holistic care is ensuring Johns spiritual needs are met. This may vary from psyche to individual and as a carer we must never be bias towards a clients personal belief.Johns lordliness is vitally important but this may lack because he sometimes gets confused therefore i must act as an advocate and ensure his rights and dignity are met. Simple measures can include making sure privacy is provided when attending personal hygiene needs. At times John may lack the ability to be able to stand safely. Therefore a hoist may have to be used. This could be a frightening experience for John so as the carer it would be vital to use good communicating skills to reassure him of his safety and dignity by insuring the curtain is drawn at these times. mend checks of John to ensure he remains properly clothed so as to prevent embarrassment for him or his loved ones during visiting times. As Johns carer I would always explain and involve him in decision making involving his clothing when d ressing or the type of food he prefers to eat as not to presume I could choose just because he sometimes gets confused.When a client has ADC the usual treatment is a drug cocktail called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) which reduces the amount of HIV in the blood reducing the damage to the brain. As a carer it is important I monitor the consumption of this medication as John might forget to take it or take too much. Other important portions in treating a person with ADC are to help John stimulate his mind by motivating him with hobbies that he is interested in. It is also important to ensure the family include John in social events such as birthdays, weddings or any event for which he could attend to interact. Interaction, motivation and other therapies that are all beneficial in reorienting a confused client.(WebMD2014)On shoemakers last by involving John in decision making and implementing the relevant care plans I the carer will ensure holistic safe care and optimi se his ability to recover or manage his illness. This is achieved through good communication trough the multidisciplinary team always remembering that John and Johns family are the about important factor of the team.BIBLIOGRAPHYWEB PAGESCentres for disease control and prevention (2014) what is hiv online,availablehttp//www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html12/12/2014.Webmd(2014)hiv and dementia online,availablehttp//www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/guide/hiv-dementia9/12/2014.COARSE MATERIALCreative discipline (2013)healthcare assistant traineeship,5n2770care skills, Dublinsolas.Type textType textType textDoes macrocosm Growth Pose Threats To Humanity?Does Population Growth Pose Threats To Humanity?Over the past decades, universe of discourse growth has grown significantly and the earths resources are not replenishing fast enough to keep up with the growth rate. Increase in population had put more pressure on the earths resources as they are being used more. Excessive population has led to congestion, poor living conditions, pollution, and general environmental degradation.Research use of goods and servicesThe main purpose of this paper is to determine how population growth is affected the way we live, our environment and consequently, the sustainability of mans activities. i.e. will the effects of these activities have an effect on the capacity of the earth to sustain humanity?Method of inquiryThe method of inquiry for this paper will be literature review. Various literatures by different authors will be used to determine whether population growth does pose a threat to humanity.Limitations of the studyThe study was limited to the effects of population growth on humanity.Working definitionsHumanity Refers to the human speciesPopulation Number of species inhabiting an area at a specific timeOver population Overpopulation refers to the state where a species inhabiting an area put pressure on the ecosystems as the ecosystems can no longer be able to sustain the popu lationPopulation growth Refers to the adjoin in the population of a certain area over time.Environmental degradation Refers to the deterioration of the state of the environment due to mans activities.Scope of InquiryThis paper will cover works of various authors who have written on population growth, over population and the effects of population growth on the environment.Literature reappraisalEffects of population growth on the environmentThomas Malthus argued that means of subsistence affected the increase or decrease of a population. Malthus first brought the population business to attention he brought up the issue of food supplies and arithmetical ratios. correspond to Malthus, while population change magnitude geometrically, food resources would only increase arithmetically. Over time, this system has proven to be true in the sense that population tends to increase if people have the means of subsistence to maintain the population. i.e. as peoples means of subsistence in crease, they significantly increase in population.As human population continuously growing, the biggest issue facing the Earth is the collective demand humans put upon it. Increase in the tote up population also change magnitude consumption of resources. Besides that, excessive population growth is responsible for many of our Planets issues traffic congestion, poor living conditions, global warming, handicraft difficulties, hunger, poverty etc. it also causes environmental pollution and degradation (Wilson). Yet, destroy, water, mineral and other indwelling resources are diminishing due to population growth. As such a large population living on Earth and sharing scarcity of resources like water and food. Humans were compelled extract resources to meet their demands, at the akin time, use modern technology abusively to modify the environment.Of all the humans who have ever lived, 6.4 percent are alive today. The number of people is provoke natural systems, destroying biodivers ity, and challenging efforts to control global warming. Because of the increased availability of family-planning services, fertility is declining worldwide-from 2.56 children per woman at present to a projected 2.02 in 2050 (Wenner).Wild fires have become a common phenomenon due to poor land management, increased carelessness by the people, cutting down of trees leaving large tracts of bare land and many other issues like lack of clear policies governing land use. Fresh water is hard to access due to the increased population and conclusion of water catchment areas, which has also led to the loss of biodiversity (Shaw 201). Climate change may occur gradually but some of its effects may be irreversible and in some cases, unstoppable. For example, seas levels are rising due to melting of ice. Some areas have become more prone to the effects of earthquakes due to the excavation of these areas in search of fuels. (Herald).Energy use patterns as a result of population growthFood is a for m of button however, it is also a consumer of fogy fuel that is used in its production, transportation, and preparation. A study calculated the energy intensity of food production from agriculture, transportation, processing, food sales, storage, and preparation for 2007 as 8080 760 trillion BTU. In 1995, approximately 27% of edible food was bony, and the study concluded from this that 2030 160 trillion BTU of energy were embedded in the 2007 ineffectual food (6464). While the above figures only reflect the United states, the overall increased energy use in the whole world has increased at an alarming rate. This is due to the increased energy demands for purposes of industrialization and mechanization.Recent food shortages, blamed in part on the growth of the bio-fuels industry, have created a new awareness of the relationship amidst food and energy. Over last 50 years we have seen increased agricultural productivity thanks to the adoption of new technologies and inputs, whic h are largely establish on fossil fuels. Minimal human labor is therefore being less used and mechanization has been highly adopted.Mechanization of the agriculture sector, improved fertilizers, more resilient crops, and the development of pesticides, all of which rely on fossil fuels, are the reasons for the increased productivity. The food waste figures do not include food wasted on the farm, in fisheries, and during processing and relies on outdated food consumption and waste data, some of which is from the 1970s (Wenner). Because of economic and population growth, the total amount of food production and consumption has grown since the latest food loss study for 1995, and the portion of income Americans spend on food has dropped. From this, the researchers hypothesized that the current amount of food wasted to be higher compared to the USDAs 1995 estimates. If this is true, addressing food waste represents an opportunity for avoided energy consumption.Population growth has led to heavier traffic, rural urban migration causing urban sprawl, increased depletion of natural resources and increased emission of CFC gases that are responsible for the ozone layer depletion. In the United States, immigration by people from the less developed countries is the main cause of increasing population and it is estimated that over the next four decades population growth caused by immigration will account for 82% of the total population growth. each year, more than a million people achieve permanent residency and become American Citizens (U.S. Census Bureau). As the immigrants move into the United States, they do not change their consumption patterns and they tend to increase the countrys emission in an alarming rate.The environmental trespass of a society can be measured by multiplying the number of people by the capita influence and the index of environmental damages caused by people. The environmental damage of the society in this case could involve the part used in l ighting and heating, paper factories that use trees to manufacture paper and many other industries that people have put up for economic reasons. This does not necessarily mean that the highest level of development have cause more environmental damage. Lower and sometimes the lowest levels of development underestimate the environmental restore e.g. most of the poor people use fuel wood for their daily uses. This therefore leads to massive cutting down of trees though this may occur in small stages but over a period of time, the damage made could be far much worse than estimated. Higher developments on the other hand may overestimate environmental damage. This is because most of the industries in most countries have environmental policies that have been put in place to safeguard the environment. In most cases, higher developments yield more benefits and do less damage to the environment.Human enterprise has significantly grown from the 19th Century.. There is therefore a need to deve lop policies to help curb this predicament. As standards of living and life expectancy continue increasing, there has been need for more technological innovations and therefore, industries have led to increased coulomb emissions and this continues rising. The forests have been cleared to create more space for development and the natural ecosystems have been thrown out of balance. The coral reefs face are like a shot on the verge of extinction as they face stress form pollutants in the ocean, tourism, fishing and carbonate chemistry which is a result of the increased carbon dioxide in the ocean surface waters (Shaw 205).At the lowly levels of industrialization, energy use perhaps underestimates ecological impact. For instance, underprivileged people can cause barren environmental damage through deforestation in search of firewood.At the uppermost development levels, use of energy probably miscalculate environmental impact for instance, a given quantity of energy use in Japan, West ern Europe, or the US, certainly provides additional benefits with less harm than the same amount used in Russia or Poland due to the greater effectiveness and tighter environmental bylaws. Although these countries pose severe dangers due to increased industrialization, developing countries in Africa affect the environment as people expand their farms for food sufficiency.ConclusionA pioneering analysis of the worlds ecosystems reveals a widespread decline in the condition of the worlds ecosystems due to increasing resource demands. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI) if the decline in the Worlds ecosystems continues, human development and the welfare of all species could be greatly affected in a negative way since the ecosystems capacity to produce food, water , maintain the biodiversity and storage of atmospheric carbon and provision of recreation opportunities would be thoroughly compromised (Wilson). To make matters worse, as our ecosystems decline, we are also raci ng against time since scientists lack baseline knowledge needed to determine properly the conditions of such systems.Population growth has largely been felt in biodiversity where it is now being considered a primary threat (Wilson). This is because, increased population has led to the introduction of exotic species in a bid to satisfy human needs and wants economically and these exotic species are throwing the delicate ecosystem out of balance. Illegal and unregulated hunting, fishing, and trade in wildlife products are also deleting many species (Wilson).Population growth, therefore, can be considered the greatest threat to humanity it is therefore necessary to curb rapid population to be able to manage our environment and live sustainably. Alternative energy sources also need to be established so as to reduce the dependence on bio-fuels.Work CitedCensus Bureau. World Population 1950-2050. June 28, 2010. November 20, 2010 Cuellar, Amanda Webber, Michael. extra Food, Wasted Energy The Embedded Energy in Food Waste in the United States. Environmental Science Technology. 44. 16 (2010) 6464-6469Herald. Human population growth. January 20, 2004. November 20, 2010. Shaw. Rapid Population Growth and Environmental Degradation Ultimate versus Proximate Factors. Environmental Conservation, 16(1989) 199-208Wenner, Jennifer. Population growth. Population growth and resource depletion. January 02, 2009. November 21, 2010 Wilson, E. Environmental Impacts from Unsustainable Population Growth. October 31, 2010. November 20, 2010.